Heat and power can be obtained from energy crops, or what would otherwise be waste products from other processes such as highways maintenance or agricultural waste. The advantage of this is that recently sequestered and sustainable energy sources are used rather than fossil fuels which is carbon (aka fossilised life) that has taken millions of years to make and store.

Some of the solutions already being used and developed on various commercial scales are as follows:

• Anaerobic digestion
• Biomass
• Biochar
• Composting
• Pyrolysis